# Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass

## Metadata
- Content type: Course
- Canonical URL: https://123sonography.com/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass
- Published: October 4, 2018
- Last updated: August 12, 2025
- Category: Vascular Ultrasound
- Course Type: Bachelor Class

## Overview
With the Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass, you will gain a strong foundation and comprehensive introduction to performing and interpreting vascular ultrasound examinations. Note: This course includes AI-generated translations in Spanish and Arabic. Accuracy is not guaranteed (read more in Terms & Conditions)

## Media
![vle trailer thumbnail](https://123sonography.com/sites/default/files/2024-04/screenshot_2024-04-17_at_14.40.32.png)

## Snapshot
- Duration: 9.6 hours
- Total CME credits that can be earned: 9.5
- Chapters: 13
- Lectures: 123
- Quizzes: 12

## Intended Audience
- Physicians
- Vascular surgeons
- Primary Care Physicians
- Physician Assistants
- Medical Students
- Sonographers
- Anaesthetists

## Faculty
- [Julie Cardoso, RDCS, RVT, RPhS](/speaker/43) - Diagnostic Sonographer, President Universal Ultrasound Management
- [Susan Gustavson, RVT, RDMS](/speaker/67) - Diagnostic Sonographer, US Vascular, Universal Ultrasound Management - U.S.A.
- [Jose Antonio Diaz, MD, FAHA](/speaker/69) - Research Assistant Professor of Surgery, University of Michigan
- [Fedor Lurie, MD, PhD](/speaker/70) - Associate Director, Jobst Vascular Institute
- [Brad Stefanovic, PhD](/speaker/71) - Director of Operations and Program Management, Criterion Edge
- [Instructor Lisa Amatangelo, MD, RVT, FACPh](/speaker/4) - Position; Work Environment
- [Thom Rooke, MD](/speaker/78)
- [Nicos Labropoulos, PhD](/speaker/83)
- [Mark Meissner, MD](/speaker/28)
- [Andrey Espinoza, MD, FACC, FSCAI](/speaker/59) - Interventional Cardiologist, Medical Director Advanced Heart and Vascular Institute of Hunterdon
- [Janet Hoyler, BA, RDMS, RVT](/speaker/60) - Ultrasound Instructor; Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard
- [Paul Kapp](/speaker/85)
- [Donna Kapp](/speaker/86)
- [Steven Elias, MD](/speaker/84)
- [Prof. Thomas Binder, MD, FESC](/speaker/30) - Cardiologist, Head of Digital Learning; Medical University of Vienna
- [Lisa Amatangelo, MD, RVT, FACPh](/speaker/68) - Professor of Clinical Radiology, Weill Cornell Vein Treatment Center
- [Gary Hernandez](/speaker/87)
- [Antonio Gasparis, MD](/speaker/80)
- [William Marston, MD](/speaker/82)

## Learning Objectives
- After completing the Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass, you will be able to demonstrate scanning protocols for performing venous and arterial lower extremity vascular non-invasive ultrasound examinations.

## Topics
- Vascular / Angiology
- Radiology
- Internal Medicine
- Orthopedics & Rheumatology

## Pricing Options
- Supported currencies: AED, CLP, COP, EGP, EUR, INR, MXN, PEN, QAR, USD

### One-Month Access
- Payment type: Monthly subscription
- Price: €139
- Currency: EUR
- Access duration: 1 month
- Add to cart: /add-to-cart/50/160
Take the most flexible route with a monthly subscription.

You get:

- Cancellation possible anytime after 4 months minimum run time
- Ability to complete quizzes and earn CME credits

### Two-Year Access
- Payment type: One-time payment
- Price: €1848
- Currency: EUR
- Access duration: 24 months
- Add to cart: /add-to-cart/50/446
If you want to take your time learning, this option is perfect for you. Save 40% on the 6-month option.

You get:

- 24 months access to our course
- Ability to complete quizzes and earn CME credits

### One-Year Access
- Payment type: One-time payment
- Price: €1078
- Currency: EUR
- Access duration: 12 months
- Add to cart: /add-to-cart/50/448
Our most recommended access duration to dive deep into the course. Save 30% on the 6-month option.

You get:

- 12 months access to our course
- Ability to complete quizzes and earn CME credits

### Half-Year Access
- Payment type: One-time payment
- Price: €770
- Currency: EUR
- Access duration: 6 months
- Add to cart: /add-to-cart/50/450
Our shortest option for very fast learners. Ideal for people who have plenty of time to learn.

You get:

- 6 months access to our course
- Ability to complete quizzes and earn CME credits

## Recommended Blog Posts
- [Beyond the Basics: Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass](/blog/case/beyond-basics-vascular-lower-extremity-bachelorclass) - Look at this patient case of pulmonary embolism!
- [ECA vs ICA](/blog/lecture/eca-vs-ica-external-versus-internal-carotid-artery) - External versus internal carotid artery

## CME Information

### Introduction

The goal of this activity is to provide online education for the course Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass.

This activity is intended for Medical Students, Physicians, Physician Assistants, Primary Care Physicians, Sonographers and Vascular Surgeons.

### Financial disclosures

Julie Cardoso does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Susan Gustavson does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Thom Rooke does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Nicos Labropoulos does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Mark Meissner does not have any relevant financial relationships to disclose. ; Brad Stefanovic does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Fedor Lurie does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Jose Antonio Diaz does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Andrey Espinoza does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Janet Hoyler does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Paul Kapp does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Donna Kapp does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Steven Elias does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Prof Binder does not have any relevant financial relationship with ineligible companies to disclose; Lisa Amatangelo does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Gary Hernandez does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Antonio Gasparis, MD does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; William Marston, MD does not have any relevant financial relationship to disclose; Staff at Siyemi Learning and 123 Sonography do not have any relevant financial relationship with ineligible companies to disclose.

This course is certified for CME, further information on how to claim your CME credits can be found below.

### CME information

This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint providership of Siyemi Learning and 123 Sonography. Siyemi Learning is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Siyemi Learning designates this enduring material for a maximum of 9.5 *AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™*. Physicians should claim only the credits commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

![](https://legacy.123sonography.com/profiles/sono/modules/custom/sonocertificates/resources/accme.png) ![](https://legacy.123sonography.com/profiles/sono/modules/custom/sonocertificates/resources/siyemi.png)

### How to earn your CME credit

In order to earn credit, you must watch the videos, take the quiz (pass mark 75%) and complete the evaluation. While you can claim CME certificates as you work through each chapter, if you prefer (e.g. if you are only able to use full credits because you are based in Europe) you can claim a single certificate for your total activity in this course. You will need to pass the quiz at the end of each chapter you complete, then just let us know you are ready to claim your certificate. Send a mail to <office@123sonography.com>.

Release date: October 2018
Expiry date: October 2021

Revision date: October 2021
Expiry date: October 2024

Revision date: October 2024
Expiry date: October 2027

## Curriculum

### Free lectures
- Chapter content: 3 lectures and 0 quizzes
- Lecture: [Free lecture 1](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_2381) (Duration: 00:13; Free)
- Lecture: [Free lecture 2](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_2382) (Duration: 00:10; Free)
- Lecture: [Free lecture 3](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_2383) (Duration: 00:13; Free)

### Basic and Advanced Ultrasound Concepts
In this first chapter we discuss the history of vascular disease, the importance of studying it, and its prevalence worldwide. Subsequently, we cover the professions to which this course is tailored and a chronological overview of the upcoming chapters. Prior to diving into the deep end of vascular imaging, we must first undersand the basic ultrasound concepts. Basic ultrasound concepts entail a general overview of the ultrasound system then a more focused lens on individual ultrasound system functions. Furthemore, we will learn how to set up our ultrasound environment. Once our ultrasound environment is prepared, we will review orientation, transducer ergonomics, transducer manipulation, and basic knobology. Then we proceed to learn advanced ultrasound concepts. These concepts entail image optimization via B-mode, color Doppler, and spectral Doppler, which will enable us to have full diagnostic confidence during image aquisition.
- Chapter content: 12 lectures and 1 quizzes
- Chapter CME credits that can be earned: 1
- Lecture: [Course Introduction](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_743) (Duration: 00:05)
- Lecture: [Ultrasound System: Basic Overview](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_744) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Ultrasound System: Comprehensive Overview](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_745) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Transducer Selection](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_746) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Setting Up the Ultrasound Environment](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_747) (Duration: 00:05)
- Lecture: [Image Orientation](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_748) (Duration: 00:01)
- Lecture: [Transducer Ergonomics](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_749) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Transducer Manipulation](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_750) (Duration: 00:04)
- Lecture: [Basic Knobology](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_751) (Duration: 00:11)
- Lecture: [Image Optimization: B-Mode](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_752) (Duration: 00:06)
- Lecture: [Image Optimization: Color Doppler](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_753) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Image Optimization: Spectral Doppler](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_754) (Duration: 00:04)
- CME Quiz: Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass - Basic and Advanced Ultrasound Concepts (CME: 1)

### Clinical Ultrasound Concepts
A mastery of the technical and conceptual concepts regarding ultrasound imaging is not sufficient to create a competent sonographer. To truly excel, we must consider how we communicate with others. In order to answer the clinical questions, this chapter will provide a guideline regarding how communicate with both the patient and the physician.
- Chapter content: 2 lectures and 1 quizzes
- Chapter CME credits that can be earned: 0.5
- Lecture: [Sonographer-Physician Communication](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_755) (Duration: 00:14)
- Lecture: [Sonographer-Patient Communication](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_756) (Duration: 00:11)
- CME Quiz: Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass - Clinical Ultrasound Concepts (CME: 0.5)

### Lower Extremity Arterial System
A thorough understanding of the peripheral arterial system is required to image the lower extremities. This chapter encompasses normal arterial anatomy, arterial physiology, and arterial hemodynamics.
- Chapter content: 3 lectures and 1 quizzes
- Chapter CME credits that can be earned: 0.5
- Lecture: [Lower Extremity Arterial Anatomy](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_757) (Duration: 00:07)
- Lecture: [Lower Extremity Arterial Physiology](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_758) (Duration: 00:09)
- Lecture: [Lower Extremity Arterial Hemodynamics](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_759) (Duration: 00:12)
- CME Quiz: Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass - Lower Extremity Arterial System (CME: 0.5)

### Lower Extremity Arterial Pathology
Now that we have an understanding of normal peripheral arterial function, we have a foundation to learn how to differentiate between various peripheral arterial diseases. This chapter covers peripheral arterial pathology and the pathophysiology behind atherosclerosis, aneurysms, fibromuscular dysplasia, and congenital anomalies.
- Chapter content: 4 lectures and 1 quizzes
- Chapter CME credits that can be earned: 0.5
- Lecture: [Atherosclerosis](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_760) (Duration: 00:11)
- Lecture: [Aneurysm](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_761) (Duration: 00:13)
- Lecture: [Fibromuscular Dysplasia](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_762) (Duration: 00:05)
- Lecture: [Congenital Anomalies](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_763) (Duration: 00:03)
- CME Quiz: Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass - Lower Extremity Arterial Pathology (CME: 0.5)

### Lower Extremity Arterial Evaluation: Technical Protocol
This chapter covers the technical protocol for duplex evaluation of the lower extremity peripheral arterial system. We review how to orient via the anatomic landmarks. Subsequently, we review how to image the peripheral arterial system with B-mode, color Doppler, and sprectral pulsed wave Doppler.
- Chapter content: 13 lectures and 1 quizzes
- Chapter CME credits that can be earned: 0.75
- Lecture: [Patient Positioning and Transducer Selection](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_764) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Proximal Common Femoral Artery](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_765) (Duration: 00:08)
- Lecture: [Distal Common Femoral Artery](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_766) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Superficial Femoral Artery](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_767) (Duration: 00:05)
- Lecture: [Popliteal Artery](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_768) (Duration: 00:04)
- Lecture: [Proximal Tibioperoneal Trunk](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_769) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Distal Tibioperoneal Trunk](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_770) (Duration: 00:01)
- Lecture: [Calf Anatomy](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_771) (Duration: 00:01)
- Lecture: [Posterior Tibial Artery](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_772) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Peroneal Artery](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_773) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Anterior Tibial Artery](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_774) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Dorsalis Pedis Artery](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_775) (Duration: 00:01)
- Lecture: [Calf Arteries](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_776) (Duration: 00:01)
- CME Quiz: Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass - Lower Extremity Arterial Evaluation: Technical Protocol (CME: 0.75)

### Lower Extremity Arterial Evaluation: Abnormal Findings
This chapter covers duplex evaluation of lower extremity peripheral arterial pathology. We review how to image and document the pathological findings of stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysms via B-mode, color Doppler, and spectral Doppler.
- Chapter content: 14 lectures and 1 quizzes
- Chapter CME credits that can be earned: 1.25
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Superficial Femoral Artery](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_777) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Above Knee Level](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_778) (Duration: 00:05)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Below Knee Level](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_779) (Duration: 00:04)
- Lecture: [Case Study](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_780) (Duration: 00:07)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Common Femoral to Deep Femoral Arteries](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_781) (Duration: 00:04)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Superficial Femoral Artery](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_782) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Case Study](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_783) (Duration: 00:05)
- Lecture: [Patient Story](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_784) (Duration: 00:06)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Superficial Femoral Artery](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_785) (Duration: 00:04)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Above Knee Level](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_786) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Aneurysm Assessment](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_787) (Duration: 00:10)
- Lecture: [Case Study: Superficial Femoral Artery Stenosis](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_788) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Case Study: Distal Superficial Femoral Artery Occlusion](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_789) (Duration: 00:05)
- Lecture: [Case Study: Aortoiliac Occlusion](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_790) (Duration: 00:05)
- CME Quiz: Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass - Lower Extremity Arterial Evaluation: Abnormal Findings (CME: 1.25)

### Lower Extremity Venous System
A thorough understanding of the peripheral venous system is required to image the lower extremities. This chapter covers normal venous anatomy of the deep and superficial systems. Subsequently, this chapter covers venous physiology and venous hemodynamics.
- Chapter content: 3 lectures and 1 quizzes
- Chapter CME credits that can be earned: 0.5
- Lecture: [Lower Extremity Venous Anatomy](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_811) (Duration: 00:04)
- Lecture: [Lower Extremity Venous Physiology](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_812) (Duration: 00:11)
- Lecture: [Lower Extremity Venous Hemodynamics](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_813) (Duration: 00:11)
- CME Quiz: Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass - Lower Extremity Venous System (CME: 0.5)

### Lower Extremity Venous Pathology
Now that we have an understanding of normal peripheral venous function, we have a foundation to learn how to differentiate between various peripheral venous diseases. This chapter covers peripheral venous pathology and the pathophysiology behind venous insufficiency, deep vein thrombosis, superficial thrombophlebitis, and post-thrombotic luminal wall changes.
- Chapter content: 3 lectures and 1 quizzes
- Chapter CME credits that can be earned: 0.5
- Lecture: [Venous Thromboembolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_814) (Duration: 00:09)
- Lecture: [Varicose Veins](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_815) (Duration: 00:07)
- Lecture: [Venous Severity Measurement](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_816) (Duration: 00:08)
- CME Quiz: Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass - Lower Extremity Venous Pathology (CME: 0.5)

### Lower Extremity Venous Patency Evaluation: Technical Protocol
This chapter covers the technical protocol for duplex evaluation of the lower extremity peripheral venous system. We review how to orient via the anatomic landmarks. Subsequently, we review how to image the peripheral venous system for patency with B-mode, color Doppler, and sprectral pulsed wave Doppler.
- Chapter content: 10 lectures and 1 quizzes
- Chapter CME credits that can be earned: 0.75
- Lecture: [Patient Positioning and Transducer Selection](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_817) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Common Femoral Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_818) (Duration: 00:07)
- Lecture: [Saphenofemoral Junction](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_819) (Duration: 00:04)
- Lecture: [Femoral Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_820) (Duration: 00:05)
- Lecture: [Popliteal Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_821) (Duration: 00:05)
- Lecture: [Intramuscular Veins](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_822) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Posterior Tibial and Peroneal Veins](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_823) (Duration: 00:04)
- Lecture: [Anterior Tibial Veins](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_824) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Great Saphenous Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_825) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Small Saphenous Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_826) (Duration: 00:03)
- CME Quiz: Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass - Lower Extremity Venous Patency Evaluation: Technical Protocol (CME: 0.75)

### Lower Extremity Venous Insufficiency Evaluation: Technical Protocol
This chapter covers the duplex evaluation of the lower extremity peripheral venous system. We review how to orient via the anatomic landmarks. Subsequently, we review how to image the peripheral venous system for insufficiency with B-mode, color Doppler, and spectral pulsed wave Doppler.
- Chapter content: 29 lectures and 1 quizzes
- Chapter CME credits that can be earned: 1.25
- Lecture: [Examination Overview](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_827) (Duration: 00:01)
- Lecture: [Patient Positioning and Transducer Selection](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_828) (Duration: 00:01)
- Lecture: [Common Femoral Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_829) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Femoral Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_830) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Popliteal Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_831) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Calf Veins](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_832) (Duration: 00:04)
- Lecture: [Great Saphenous Veins](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_833) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Small Saphenous Veins](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_834) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Patient Positioning](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_835) (Duration: 00:00)
- Lecture: [Common Femoral Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_836) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Femoral Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_837) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Popliteal Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_838) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Great Saphenous Vein: Saphenofemoral Junction](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_839) (Duration: 00:01)
- Lecture: [Great Saphenous Vein: Terminal Valve](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_840) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Great Saphenous Vein: Subterminal Valve](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_841) (Duration: 00:01)
- Lecture: [Great Saphenous Vein: Proximal Thigh Level](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_842) (Duration: 00:06)
- Lecture: [Great Saphenous Vein: Distal Thigh Level](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_843) (Duration: 00:01)
- Lecture: [Great Saphenous Vein: Knee Level](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_844) (Duration: 00:01)
- Lecture: [Great Saphenous Vein: Below Knee Level](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_845) (Duration: 00:01)
- Lecture: [Great Saphenous Vein: Proximal Calf Level](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_846) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Great Saphenous Vein: Distal Calf Level](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_847) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Tributaries](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_848) (Duration: 00:04)
- Lecture: [Anterior Accessory Saphenous Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_849) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Posterior Accessory Saphenous Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_850) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Intersaphenous Connection](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_851) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Small Saphenous Vein: Below Knee Level](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_852) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Small Saphenous Vein: Proximal / Mid Calf Level](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_853) (Duration: 00:01)
- Lecture: [Small Saphenous Vein: Distal Calf Level](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_854) (Duration: 00:01)
- Lecture: [Conclusion](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_855) (Duration: 00:02)
- CME Quiz: Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass - Lower Extremity Venous Insufficiency Evaluation: Technical Protocol (CME: 1.25)

### Lower Extremity Venous Evaluation: Abnormal Findings
This chapter covers the technical protocol for duplex evaluation of the lower extremity peripheral venous pathology. We review how to image and document the pathological findings of deep vein thrombosis, deep venous insufficiency, and superficial venous insufficiency via B-mode, color Doppler, and spectral Doppler.
- Chapter content: 15 lectures and 1 quizzes
- Chapter CME credits that can be earned: 1
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Venous Patency Evaluation](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_856) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Common Femoral Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_857) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Great Saphenous Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_858) (Duration: 00:05)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Tributary and Perforator](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_859) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Case Study](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_860) (Duration: 00:05)
- Lecture: [Patient Story](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_861) (Duration: 00:05)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Contralateral Common Femoral Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_862) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Common Femoral Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_863) (Duration: 00:04)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Femoral Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_864) (Duration: 00:01)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Popliteal Vein](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_865) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Clinical Session: Calf Veins](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_866) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Three Case Studies: Saphenous Vein Insufficiency](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_867) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Case Study: The Heart and the Vascular System](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_868) (Duration: 00:04)
- Lecture: [Case Study: Deep Vein Thrombosis](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_869) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Case Study: Massive Deep Vein Thrombosis](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_870) (Duration: 00:04)
- CME Quiz: Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass - Lower Extremity Venous Evaluation: Abnormal Findings (CME: 1)

### Lower Extremity Functional Testing and Alternative Modalities
Functional arterial and venous testing is complementary to ultrasound imaging of the peripheral arterial and venous system. Together, these modalities allow us to paint a complete and vivid picture of the patient's peripheral arterial and venous pathology. This chapter covers ABI testing, segmental testing, and pulse-volume recording as well as air plethysmography testing. Furthermore, modern technology allows us to use alternative ultrasound modalities in order to improve our visualization of the peripheral venous system. This chapter also covers one of these modalities: intravascular ultrasound.
- Chapter content: 12 lectures and 1 quizzes
- Chapter CME credits that can be earned: 1
- Lecture: [Ankle-Brachial Index: Examination Overview](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_871) (Duration: 00:07)
- Lecture: [Ankle-Brachial Index: Cuff Placement](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_872) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Ankle-Brachial Index: Brachial Pressures](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_873) (Duration: 00:04)
- Lecture: [Ankle-Brachial Index: Ankle Pressures](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_874) (Duration: 00:05)
- Lecture: [Ankle-Brachial Index: Review of Findings](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_875) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Segmental Examination: Segmental Pressures](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_876) (Duration: 00:05)
- Lecture: [Segmental Examination: Review of Findings](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_877) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Pulse-Volume Recording](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_878) (Duration: 00:03)
- Lecture: [Continuous Wave Doppler](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_879) (Duration: 00:02)
- Lecture: [Toe-Brachial Index](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_880) (Duration: 00:04)
- Lecture: [Plethysmography Testing](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_881) (Duration: 00:07)
- Lecture: [Intravascular Ultrasound](/course/vascularlowerextremitybachelorclass#sg_course_lecture_882) (Duration: 00:04)
- CME Quiz: Vascular Lower Extremity BachelorClass - Functional Testing and Alternative Modalities (CME: 1)